条锈菌侵染初期小麦初生叶内可翻译mRNA的变化

小麦条锈菌毒性小种及其无毒性突变型侵染初期,是不亲和反应的小麦叶片内可翻译ｍＲＮＡ水平迅速增加,而呈亲和反应叶片的增加幅度小且滞后。同时前者的Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ＋）－ＲＮＡ水平高于未接种对照,后者低于对照。３２Ｐ标记实验证实不亲和反应叶片Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ＋）－ＲＮＡ的合成增加早于亲和反应叶片。Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ＋）－ＲＮＡ体外翻译产物经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分离后,放射自显影图谱显示一些多肽条带的３５Ｓ－Ｍｅｔ相对掺入量有定量差异。     

Studies of cell pellets: I. Electrical properties and porosity.

Cell pellets formed by centrifugation provided a good system to study the osmotic behavior, electroporation, and interaction between cells. Rabbit erythrocyte pellets were used in this study because they were simpler than nucleated cells to model analytically. Structurally, cell pellets possessed properties of porous solid bodies and gels. Electrically, cell pellets were shown to behave as a parallel set of resistance, Rp, and capacitance, Cp. Information on pellet structures was obtained from electric measurements. The pellet resistance reflected the intercellular conductivity (porosity and gap conductivity), whereas the pellet capacitance depended mostly on membrane capacitance. The pellet resistance was more sensitive to experimental conditions. The intercellular gap distance can be derived from pellet porosity measurements, providing the cell volume and surface area were known. Rp increased and relaxed exponentially with time when centrifugation started and stopped; the cycles were reversible. When supernatants were exchanged with solutions containing hypotonic electrolytes or macromolecules (such as PEG) after the pellets were formed, complicated responses to different colloidal osmotic effects were observed. A transient decrease followed by a large increase of Rp was observed after the application of a porating electric pulse, as expected from a momentary membrane breakdown, followed by a limited colloidal-osmotic swelling of pelleted cells. The equilibrium values of Rp, Cp, pellet porosity, and intercellular distances were measured and calculated as functions of cell number, centrifugation force, and ionic strength of the exchanged supernatant. Thus, the structure and properties of cell pellets can be completely characterized by electrical measurements.     

Electrically induced fusion of mammalian cells in the presence of polyethylene glycol

Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were fused by subjecting cell suspensions to an exponentially decaying electric pulse in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), Dextran or Ficoll. PEG (MW 1,000, 3,350, 8,000, 10,000 and 18,500), Dextran (MW 71,200) and Ficoll (MW 400,000) were added to the pulsing medium. A single exponential electric pulse with peak field strength of 4 kV/cm, and a half-time of 0.72 msec was used. The combination of two techniques, PEG-induced fusion and electrofusion, resulted in highly efficient fusion of CHO cells. Fusion yields (FY) at different concentrations of these polymers were measured using phase-contrast microscopy. FY was highly dependent on the concentration of PEG in media, while the presence of Dextran and Ficoll had no influence on fusion yield. PEG with MW 8,000 was found to be the most effective in causing cell aggregation, and to give the highest FY (40%). An optimal concentration for fusion was found for PEG of each molecular weight. Diluting cells suspended in higher concentrations of PEG to these optimal concentrations after the pulse application regained the optimal FY. It was concluded that PEG-induced prepulse aggregation and moderate cell swelling immediately after the pulse were important factors in achieving high fusion yields.This work is supported by a grant GM-30969 from the National Institutes of Health. Traveling fellowship to N.G.S. was supported from Foundation Cyrill and Methodius and grant N-189 from MCES of Bulgaria.     

Effect of heavy metals on the methanogenic activity of starch-degrading granules

Summary Heavy metals in electroplating effluent inhibited specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of anaerobic starch-degrading granules. The SMA of granules on the degradation of starch were reduced by 50% when each gram of biomass was in contact individually with 105 mg of zinc, 120 mg of nickel, 180 mg of copper, 310 mg of chromium, or >400 mg of cadmium. Granules had higher toxicity-resistance than flocculent sludge, due to their layered structure.     

旋毛虫肌幼虫ES抗原的基因克隆及高效表达

作者对编码旋毛虫肌幼虫ES抗原的部分结构基因进行了克隆、鉴定和表达。用RNA PCR技术直接从旋毛虫肌幼虫总RNA中反转录并扩增出0．7kh的靶DNA,酶切分析后将其克隆到融合表达载体pEx3lC中。SDS—PAGE电泳表明,含重组子的大肠杆菌能够表达出一分子量为37kDa的融合蛋白(P37),后者占菌体总蛋白的22%以上,并以包含体形式存在于菌体中。经对纯化后表达蛋白的ELlSA检测,证明它能被猪旋毛虫病阳性血清和抗旋毛虫单克隆抗体识别。研究结果揭示,重组蛋白P37对于研制旋毛虫病诊断抗原和免疫抗原具有潜在的应用价值。     

自发性高血压大鼠中枢5－HT_（1A）受体的特性

本文用放射性配基［３Ｈ］８－ＯＨ－ＤＰＡＴ的结合实验显示,自发性高血大鼠（ＳＨＲ）海马、下丘脑及低位脑干的５－ＨＴ１Ａ受体结合位点数较正常Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠为多,其中以海马最为显著;脑干的５－ＨＴ１Ａ受体虽较正常Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠多,但不太明显。ＳＨＲ下丘脑中５－ＨＴ１Ａ受体除结合位点较正常Ｗｉｓｔａｒ鼠多外,亲和力也有增大。以上结果表明,ＳＨＲ与正常Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠之间各脑区中５－ＨＴ１Ａ受体的差别可能与高血压病的发生有关。     

沙打旺组织培养中脱分化细胞的超微结构及细胞核的动态变化

对沙打旺的下胚轴、子叶、幼叶组织培养中脱分化细胞进行了超微结构观察,并着重讨论了细胞核的动态变化。脱分化细胞的细胞质中线粒体墙加,嵴明显;多聚核糖体增多;高尔基体增加;质体中积累淀粉。核仁与核内异染色质之间有一个动态过程。此过程暂称“核仁物质喷射“现象。在致有以下：１．核体出现,半嵌在增大的核仁上,核内异染色质沿核膜凝聚;２．异染色质移向核仁,并与核仁接触,核体消失,部分异质进入核仁;３．核仁物质     

草鱼细胞融合及早熟凝集染色体的诱导

用聚乙二醇（PEG）诱导草鱼ZC-7901细胞株融合,测定了不同浓度的PEG诱导草鱼组胞的融合率,从而得出了PEG诱导草鱼细胞融合的适宜浓度为45%（W/W）。用45%PEG诱导间期细胞（I期细胞）与分裂期细胞（M期细胞）融合,早熟凝集染色体（PCC）的诱导率是18.85%。观察PCC形态,G1-PCC呈单股染色体纤维形;G2-PCC呈双股染色纤维形,较分裂期细胞染色体细长;S-PCC呈“粉末状”染色体片段。     

cⅠ857基因的体外定位同义突变

 ｃⅠ８５７基因的体外定位同义突变陈南春,高辉,陈苏民,杨萍,刘新平（西安第四军医大学分子生物学研究所,西安７１００３２）外源基因要在大肠杆菌中获得高表达,需要合适的ＳＤ序列和可调控的强启动子［１］。ＰＬ启动子在原核启动子中属强启动子,它受ｃⅠ基因产物...     

促髓细胞分化的锌指基因单向PCR扩增直接测序的研究

锌指基因是一种造血调节基因,编码锌指结构蛋白,主要在髓细胞中表达,促进髓细胞分化,在急性早幼粒白血病维甲酸治疗中,促使病情缓解。本文报道了我们从基因分子上研究锌指基因作用中,探索并建立了单向聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增特定单链ＤＮＡ,直接测序的新方法。它能产生质和量均佳的单链ＤＮＡ,无需纯化即可直接用于测序,使复杂的测序研究简便易行,可在２,３天内完成。这种单向ＰＣＲ扩增特定单链ＤＮＡ直接测序的方法,经对锌指基因的ｃＤＮＡ测序,得到验证。此法不仅适用于疾病研究中的ＤＮＡ测序,还可制各单链ＤＮＡ探针,更利于基因结构组成的研究。